The Use of Nautical Activities in Formal Education: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: The implementation of nautical sports, particularly in coastal areas, during the school stage is a growing phenomenon. It offers unique opportunities for students to develop the necessary competencies outlined in their physical education curriculum in an immersive manner, within a natural and inherently motivating environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study aims to delve deeper into this subject by conducting a systematic review of the utilization of water sports in formal education. To carry out this bibliographic search, the following keywords were employed: "Nautical Activities", "Nautical Sports", "Nautical Camps", "Formal Education", "Children Education", "Primary School", and "Secondary School". The Boolean operator "and" was used to combine these keywords during the search conducted in databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. The PRISMA Protocol was utilized for the search process, resulting in the selection and categorization of eight papers into the following thematic areas: Wellbeing, Physical and Mental Health, Education, and Management. RESULTS: The primary findings of this review indicate that the inclusion of these programs within physical education classes enhances overall physical health, mental well-being, and personal development. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate a positive impact on peer interaction and short-term improvement in self-confidence.

"I Learned More Because I Became More Involved": Teacher's and Students' Voice on Gamification in Physical Education Teacher Education.

Higher education plays a critical role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals established in the 2030 Agenda, especially the fourth goal (quality and equality in higher education). Therefore, teacher education must play a central role in providing transformative learning experiences for future teachers that can lead the change to create high quality programs in every school. The purpose of this study was to conduct a gamified experience in Physical Education Teacher Education with two goals: assess the students' views on the framework and evaluate the teachers' feelings and thoughts. One teacher-researcher (36 years) and 74 students (19-27 years) enrolled in a Spanish university agreed to participate. A qualitative descriptive method and an action-research design were used. The teacher-researcher completed a personal diary, while the students answered two open-ended questions. From the students' responses emerged three positive themes (framework, motivation, and transference) and two negatives (boredom and group work); from the teacher-researcher, we received three positive responses (mixed emotions, expectations, and students' motivation) and one negative (workload). As a conclusion, gamification could be considered a framework that promotes transformative learning.

A Study on the Injury Rate of Spanish Competitive Athletes as a Consequence of the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown.

The COVID-19 lockdown may have had collateral effects on the conditions of athletes, with possible increases in injury risks upon the return to sports. Due to the existence of multiple factors of injury risks based on the lockdown and the return to sports, the aim of this study was to analyze the injury rates after the lockdown in competitive athletes. A non-experimental quantitative design based on a survey was carried out, and 94 athletes (42 males and 52 females; 23.57 ± 6.20 years) participated. Statistical analyses were carried out using non-parametric tests. Injury rates did not increase significantly after the lockdown, and there were no statistical differences between performance levels, types of sports, the design of a specific training program by sports professionals during the lockdown, the moment of injury, and the mechanism of injury. It is important to develop injury prevention protocols to prepare athletes after such a long period of detraining.

Influence of Physical Activity and Sport on the Inclusion of People with Visual Impairment: A Systematic Review.

People with visual impairment have greater difficulty in accessing physical activity and sport, and a lack of social interaction is also associated with a risk of exclusion. Work is currently being done to include people with visual impairment through physical activity and sport. However, there is a lack of studies examining the status and overall effectiveness of interventions in the pre- and post-COVID stage. This study aimed to provide solid evidence on the characteristics and effectiveness of interventions for the inclusion of people with visual impairment through physical activity and sport in order to address the need for dissemination on this topic. The bibliographic search was carried out with the words "Physical activity", "Physical exercise", "Sport", "Physical training", "visual disability", "visual impairment" and "inclusion" in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar from 2018 to 2021.The article selection process was according to the PRISMA protocol with a final selection of nine articles. The main results highlighted that the programmes improve the perception of people with disabilities, increase social skills and health and increase the social importance of people with disabilities in the social environment. Among the most generalised conclusions were the need for specialised training, the need for social inclusion and participation of people with visual impairment in their environments and increased physical activity.

The Promotion of Physical Activity from Digital Services: Influence of E-Lifestyles on Intention to Use Fitness Apps.

E-Lifestyles are individual forms of behavior in the digital environment that reflect the values, activities, interests, and opinions of consumers. Likewise, fitness Apps are considered technological tools for promoting physical activity online. Although there are studies related to sports lifestyles, it has not been analyzed yet how e-lifestyles are related to the use of fitness Apps. Based on this, this study represents a step to clarify how e-lifestyles influence different relationships with perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, and intentions to use Fitness Apps. Therefore, the objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between the e-lifestyles of consumers of Boutique fitness centers and their relationship with the perceived ease of use, the perceived usefulness, the attitude, and the intention to use Fitness Apps. The sample was 591 customers (378 women and 213 men) of 25 Boutique fitness centers. An online questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed with confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model. Findings provide an insight into the importance of e-lifestyles in the intention of using fitness Apps and therefore in promoting physical activity through online fitness services. The results showed positive relationships between e-lifestyles, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and attitude toward fitness Apps. Finally, the attitude toward fitness Apps offered a very high predictive value on use intention. This study provides a better understanding of consumer´s intention to use fitness Apps. The conclusions and recommendations for sports managers of fitness centers highlight the importance of e-lifestyles as a predecessor for the use of fitness Apps.

Importance-Performance Matrix Analysis (IPMA) to Evaluate Servicescape Fitness Consumer by Gender and Age.

The fitness sector has always been linked to the analysis of the loyalty of its consumers. Different studies have shown the importance of sports service and human resources for greater customer loyalty. However, few works have studied how the physical environment or servicescape influences the behavior of consumers in fitness centers based on gender and age. Therefore, the objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between servicescape and the loyalty of fitness center consumers, analyzing through the Importance-Performance Matrix Analysis (IPMA) what the aspects to improve according to gender and age are. The sample was 10,368 fitness center customers (5864 women and 4504 men). After the IPMA, it was concluded that the main improvement margins in general in fitness centers were the equipment and the facility condition, and the facility layout. In turn, in relation to gender and age, the aspects with room for improvement were to a greater extent for equipment and facility condition in women over 21 years of age, and in facility layout for women between 21 and 40 years old and 51-60 years old. Regarding men, the aspects with the highest performance margins were the equipment and facility condition in all the age groups, the facility layout in men up to 50 years old, and the signage in men up to 40 years old and from 51 to 60 years old.

Bullying and cyberbullying according to moderate vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in Secondary School's Students

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Consumo de suplementos nutricionales y sustancias nocivas en culturismo: implicaciones para su gestión / Use of nutritional supplements and harmful substances in bodybuilding: implications for its management

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Sport Psychology: From José María Cagigal to the present / Psicología del deporte: De José María Cagigal a la actualidad

This article reviews the evolution of the Sport Psychology, from its full inclusion in the disciplines of study of the sports phenomenon, to the variability of studies that are currently being developed in this field. The previous researches carried out, the international recognition, and the consolidation of Sport Psychology as scientific research field are reviewed. At the same time, the interdisciplinary nature is reflected through José María Cagigal, who during his career studied the connection of psycho-pedagogical knowledge as a phenomenon immersed and intrinsic to sports. That evolution has lasted to the present maintaining the classic variables of study in high performance sports, such as the motivation or the anxiety; but also introducing new fields of study such as health and / or the promotion of physical activity; all without forgetting the importance of establishing a good connection between research and application, and without losing the scientific rigor of validation and reliability both in the works carried out and in the instruments used in research (AU)

En este artículo se revisa la evolución de la psicología Del deporte, desde su inclusión de pleno derecho en las disciplinas de estudio del fenómeno deportivo, hasta la variabilidad de estudios que en este campo se desarrollan actualmente. Se recogen los antecedentes en investigación y el momento de reconocimiento internacional y, casi podríamos decir, de consolidación como campo de investigación científica. A su vez se recoge su carácter interdisciplinar, aunado en aquel momento en la figura de José María Cagigal que estudio a través de toda su carrera la conexión del conocimiento psicopedagógico como algo inmerso e intrínseco al deporte. Esa evolución ha llegado hasta nuestros días manteniendo las variables clásicas de estudio en deporte de alto rendimiento, como la motivación o la ansiedad; pero introduciendo también nuevos ámbitos de estudio como la salud y/o la promoción de la actividad física; todo ello sin olvidar la importancia de establecer una buena conexión entre investigación y aplicación, y sin perder el rigor científico de validación y fiabilidad tanto en los trabajos realizados, como en los instrumentos utilizados para la investigación (AU)

La calidad y la fidelidad del cliente: Un análisis de segmentación en centros de fitness low-cost / Quality and customer loyalty: A segmentation analysis in low-cost fitness center

La calidad y la fidelidad han sido estudiadas en los centros de fitness, mayormente en la relación que tienen entre ambas y con otras variables. En pocos casos se han realizado estudios que analicen los perfiles de clientes que mejor perciben dichas variables. Por esta razón el estudio tenía por objetivo segmentar a los clientes de centros de fitness low-cost según la percepción de calidad y fidelidad. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 8462 clientes (4303 mujeres y 4159 hombres) de centros de fitness low-cost. Se realizó análisis de la varianza y de conglomerados bietápico. Los resultados mostraron cuatro clústers en los que existieron diferencias significativas en la percepción de la calidad y la fidelidad. Estos hallazgos muestran la importancia del conocimiento de las características de consumidores deportivos (AU)

Quality and loyalty have been studied in fitness centers, mainly in the relationship between them and with other variables. In a few cases, studies have been carried out to analyze the profiles of clients who perceived these variables better. For this reason the study aimed to segment customers of low-cost fitness centers according to the perception of quality and loyalty. The sample consisted of 8462 clients (4303 women and 4159 men) from low-cost fitness centers. Analysis of variance and two - stage clustering were performed. The results showed four clusters in which there were significant differences in the perception of quality and loyalty. These findings show the importance of knowledge of the characteristics of sports consumers (AU)

Evaluación de los factores motivacionales en la práctica del Pole Sport: validación preliminar / Evaluation of motivational factors in the practice of Pole Sport: preliminary validation

El presente trabajo se propone dar respuesta a los principales motivos que llevan a los deportistas a practicar Pole Sport con el objetivo de mejorar la gestión de los centros deportivos donde se practica el mismo. Se utilizó como herramienta la Escala de Medida de los Motivos para la Actividad Física-Revisada (MPAM-R) de Celis-Merchán (2006), que mide los motivos de práctica deportiva en cinco dimensiones y consta de 30 ítems (Likert 1 al 7). Mediante la plataforma on-line Survio se difundió el cuestionario a los participantes procedentes de una academia que opera a nivel regional en la Comunidad de Andalucía, obteniéndose respuesta de 85 usuarios de los que 80 fueron mujeres y 5 hombres. Se empleó el software estadístico SPSS 22.0 para el análisis descriptivo de los datos, el análisis factorial exploratorio y de fiabilidad. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el «disfrute» es el principal factor motivacional para la práctica de Pole Sport, obteniendo una pertinencia adecuada del análisis factorial, así como una estructura claramente definida (AU)

The present work aims to respond to the main reasons that lead athletes to Pole Sport practice with the objective of improving the management of sports centers where it is practiced. In order to respond to the research problem, the Scale of Measurement of Reasons for Physical Activity-Revised (MPAM-R) by Celis-Merchán (2006) was used. This scale has 30 items (Likert 1 to 7) and measures the reasons of sports practice in five dimensions. Through the Survio online software, the questionnaire was distributed to 85 athletes, of whom 80 were women and five men. For the descriptive analysis of the data, exploratory factorial, and reliability, the statistical program SPSS 22.0 was used. The results obtained showed that the «enjoyment» was the main motivational factor for the practice of Pole Sport, which agree with the results obtained by Frederick and Schuster (2003) (AU)

The integration of research and practice in sport psychology / La integración de la investigación y la práctica en psicolgía del deporte

From the consolidation of the psychology of sport as an independent scientific discipline at an international level, a great advance was developed that also favored the consolidation of the applied field and the intervention, into two distinct political-geographic areas: the Eastern countris and the Western block. In both the performances began with the elite sport, and the figure of the psychologist as a member of the sports teams. In 1979 the publication of Rainer Martens' article On Jackets and Jocks (Martens, 1979) mobilized the reflection of both researchers and applied psychologists. From its publication to the present day, this text became a reference text, especially when it came to direct interventions with athletes, and led to a reflection on the methodological difference between research and direct intervention. However, previously, in 1987, Martens himself had recommended and warned of the need to establish links between both spheres, academic and applied, to strengthen and give consistency to the psychology of sport (Garcia-Ucha and Martinez, 2014) (AU)

A partir de la consolidación de la Psicología del Deporte como disciplina científica independiente a nivel internacional, se desarrolló un gran avance que favoreció también la consolidación del ámbito aplicado y de intervención, con dos áreas político-geográficas diferenciadas: los países del Este y el bloque occidental. En ambos se iniciaron actuaciones directas con el deporte de élite, y la figura del psicólogo como miembro del staff en los equipos deportivos fue estabilizándose. En 1979 la publicación del artículo de Rainer Martens, About smocks and jocks (Martens, 1979), movilizó la reflexión tanto de investigadores como de psicólogos aplicados. Desde su publicación hasta la actualidad, este texto se convirtió en un texto de referencia, especialmente a la hora de plantear intervenciones directas con deportistas, y propició que se estableciera una reflexión sobre la diferencia metodológica que debía darse entre investigación e intervención directa. Sin embargo ya anteriormente, en 1987, el propio Martens había recomendado y alertado de la necesidad de establecer nexos entre ambos ámbitos, académico y aplicado, para fortalecer y otorgar consistencia a la psicología del deporte (García-Ucha, y Martínez, 2014) (AU)

Cultura organizacional y satisfacción laboral: Propiedades psicométricas de una escala en centros de fitness / Organization culture and job satisfaction: psychometric properties of scale in fitness centers

Numerosos estudios indican la relación significativa entre la cultura organizacional y la satisfacción en el trabajo. Por lo que las organizaciones con culturas organizativas adecuadas obtendrán ventajas competitivas. Por esta razón, destacar que se trata de una variable vital, especialmente en la búsqueda de satisfacción laboral del cliente interno en los centros deportivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue trabajar con un modelo de medida entre la cultura organizacional y la satisfacción laboral en centros de fitness. Se empleó el Culture Index for Fitness Organizations (CIFO) para la cultura organizacional y el Overall Job Satisfaction para la satisfacción laboral, evaluando las propiedades psicométricas a través de un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Para evaluar la fiabilidad y validez del modelo, se analizó la fiabilidad compuesta, la varianza media extractada, la validez convergente y discriminante. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 180 empleados (79 mujeres y 101 hombres) de centros de fitness. Los resultados muestran que el modelo de cultura organizacional y satisfacción laboral es adecuado, ofreciendo un ajuste satisfactorio tras la obtención de una estructura factorial bien definida. Por tanto, la escala utilizada cuenta con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, permitiendo una evaluación fiable y válida de la cultura organizacional y la satisfacción laboral (AU)

Numerous studies indicate the significant relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction. So organizations with appropriate organizational cultures gain competitive advantages. For this reason, it should be noted that this is a vital variable, especially in the search for job satisfaction of the internal customer in sports centers. The objective of this study was to work with a test model between organizational culture and job satisfaction in fitness centers. The Culture Index for Fitness Organizations (CIFO) was used for organizational culture and Overall Job Satisfaction for job satisfaction, evaluating the psychometric properties through an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. To evaluate the reliability and validity of the model, we analyzed the composite reliability, the average variance extracted, and the convergent and discriminant validity. The sample consisted of 180 employees (79 women and 101 men) from fitness centers. The results showed that the organizational culture and job satisfaction model is adequate, offering an adequate goodness-of-fit after obtaining a well-defined factor structure. Therefore, the scale used has adequate psychometric properties, allowing a reliable and valid assessment of organizational culture and job satisfaction (AU)

Research and analysis in sport economics and management / Investigación y análisis de la gestión y economía del deporte

This is an introductory article to the present supplement where it is presented a total of 23 research papers, which has been discussed within the VII Iberoamerican Congress of Economics and Management of Sport, where it will be see the standards of quality and scientific rigor usual in these disciplines, which will contribute to a greater and better understanding of the economic dimension of sport in its different perspectives. In this way, it is important to emphasize the integrative nature of the selected works, which reinforce the interdisciplinary and integrating perspective research on issues relating to sport and physical activity. The research areas are as follows, sports psychology, sports economics, sports management and sports marketing institutions among others

Se trata de un artículo de introducción al presente suplemento, en él se presenta un total de 23 trabajos de investigación, los cuales se han tratado en el VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Economía y Gestión del Deporte, en ellos se pueden observar los estándares de calidad y rigor científico habituales en estas disciplinas, con ello esperamos contribuir a una mayor y mejor comprensión de las diferentes perspectivas de la dimensión económica del deporte. De esta manera, es importante hacer hincapié en la naturaleza integradora de las obras seleccionadas, las cuales refuerzan la perspectiva de la investigación en temas relacionados con el deporte y la actividad física. Las áreas de investigación son las siguientes, psicología del deporte, economía del deporte, gestión del deporte y marketing del deporte entre otros

A loyalty nmodel according to memership longevity of low-cost fitness center: quality value, satisfaction, and behavioral intention / Un modelo de fidelidad según la permanencia de clientes en centros de fitness low-cost: calidad, valor, satisfacción e intenciones de comportamiento

Client loyalty is crucial to fitness centers. Studies have analyzed the relationship between different subjective variables and consumer behavior intentions in these types of sport services within fitness centers. Nevertheless, few are those who have studied the influence of such variables on objective measures like membership longevity. For this reason, the objective of this study was to examine a loyalty model by means of the relationship between perceived quality, satisfaction, and future intentions with regard to client loyalty. The study counted with 15820 client (8462 women and 7358 men) participants who answered an online questionnaire. A descriptive analysis, factorial confirmatory and multi-group analysis were conducted. The findings demonstrate a valid and reliable model where relationships among the variables are positive and significant, with differences among the groups according to the longevity of membership

Debido a que la fidelidad del cliente es un tema crucial en los centros de fitness, algunos trabajos han analizado la relación entre diferentes variables subjetivas y las intenciones de comportamiento del consumidor en estos servicios deportivos. No obstante, son pocos los que han estudiado cómo repercuten dichas variables según medidas objetivas como la permanencia. Por esta razón, el objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar un modelo de fidelidad mediante la relación entre la calidad percibida, el valor percibido, la satisfacción y las intenciones futuras según la permanencia de los clientes. Para ello se contó con la participación de 15820 clientes (8462 mujeres y 7358 hombres) que contestaron a un cuestionario on-line. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, factorial confirmatorio y análisis multigrupo. Los hallazgos muestran un modelo válido y fiable donde las relaciones entre las variables son positivas y significativas, existiendo diferencias entre los diferentes grupos según la permanencia

La percepción de calidad y fidelidad en clientes de centros de fitness low cost / Perceived quality and loyalty in low-cost fitness center clients

El modelo low-cost es una apuesta actual que comienza a tener presencia en la industria del fitness y utiliza frecuentemente las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Sin embargo, por su novedad se desconoce el tipo de cliente que frecuenta estas instalaciones y cómo percibe sus servicios. Por ello, los objetivos que plantea este estudio son: en primer lugar, analizar la percepción de calidad y las intenciones futuras de comportamiento de los clientes en centros de fitness low-cost y, en segundo lugar, examinar si existen diferencias significativas en cuanto a las características sociodemográficas y la utilización de Facebook y de la web. Para ello se utilizó una muestra compuesta por 1279 usuarios de centros de fitness low-cost (692 mujeres y 587 varones), se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, un análisis de la fiabilidad y prueba t y ANOVA de un factor. Los resultados muestran escalas fiables y válidas de calidad percibida de servicio y fidelidad, así como la existencia de diferencias significativas en las variables estudiadas en cuanto a sexo, edad, permanencia, uso de Facebook y uso de la web. Estos hallazgos muestran la importancia de una buena gestión de los servicios y la correcta gestión de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación.

The low-cost approach is a current trend, which has recently become the vogue in the fitness industry, with its frequent use of the new information and communication technologies. However, due to the novelty this approach, it is unknown how customers perceive their services and the type of customers who will use these sports facilities. The aim of this study is to analyze quality perception and future behavioral intentions of low-cost fitness centers customers, as well as to examine whether there are significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics, and the use of Facebook and the Internet. To this effect, a study was conducted on a sample of 1279 users of low-cost fitness centers (692 women and 587 men), and an analysis was performed using exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, t test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results show reliable and valid scales of perceived service quality and loyalty, and the existence of significant differences in the dimensions studied in terms of gender, age, permanence, use of Facebook and use of the Internet. These findings show the importance of good service management, as well as proper management of the new information and communication technologies.